Lesson Plans: Persona Poem


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     Grades: 11,12 > College Level

Objective — The student will:

  • write a poem from the perspective of the first-person ("I") persona.  through the words of the poem, demonstrate a higher level of thinking by providing "insight" to the personality of the poem's speaker--the "I" who is featured in the poem. 

  • utilize the use of "irony." 

Hint: Students need to understanding the meaning of "irony" and "persona."  Students need to understand what is meant by "the speaker" as pertaining to poetry.  Suggest that the first person protagonist of the poem can be one's self. Or, a situation where the student places them self into the mind and body of another experiencing a dramatic event. (See example 1)

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Persona Poem

Write a poem which satisfies all of the following criteria:  

  1. The poem is in the first person singular.
     

  2. The poem's title provides information which the reader needs in order to know who is speaking and to understand the situation which the speaker is talking about.
     

  3. The poem should not be end-rhymed, but…
     

  4. The language of the poem should sound like conversation (it should be in the dialect of the speaker), but it should be rich enough to qualify as poetry (i. e., actually a little richer than ordinary conversation.)
     

  5. Most of the poem should be a reminiscence about past events.
     

  6. Through the way in which the protagonist (the speaker of the poem) tells the story, he or she must inadvertently reveal something about him/herself. In other words, the poem should exhibit some dramatic irony.
     

  7. The speaker should be convincing, sound authentic.
     

  8. The poem's dramatic irony--the speaker's blind spot--should have significance beyond being merely a personal quirk or shortcoming.
     


     EXAMPLE 1

 

Knowit Hoheimer

 

I was the first fruits of the battle of Missionary Ridge.

When I felt the bullet enter my heart

I wished I had stayed at home and gone to jail

For stealing the hogs of Curl Trenary,

Instead of running away and joining the army.

Rather a thousand times the country jail

Than to lie under this marble figure with wings,

And this granite pedestal

Bearing the words, “Pro Patria."
What do they mean, anyway?

 

           -- Edgar Lee Masters

 

 

EXAMPLE 2

 

The River Merchant's Wife: A Letter

                                                  (after Rihaku)

 

While my hair was still cut straight across my forehead

I played about the front gate, pulling flowers.

You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse,

You walked about my seat, playing with blue plums,

And we went on living in the village of Chokan:

Two small people, without dislike or suspicion.

 

At fourteen I married My Lord you.

I never laughed, being bashful.

Lowering my head, I looked at the wall.

Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.

 

At fifteen, I stopped scowling,

I desired my dust to be mingled with yours

Forever and forever and forever.

Why should I climb the lookout.

 

At sixteen you departed.

You went into far Ku-to-yen, by the river of swirling eddies,

And. you have been gone five months.

The monkeys make sorrowful noise overhead.

 

You dragged your feet when you went out.

By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses,

Too deep to clear them away!

The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind.

The paired butterflies are already yellow with August

Over the grass in the West garden;

They hurt me. I grow older.

If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang,

Please let me know beforehand,

And I will come out to meet you

                As far as Cho-fu-Sa.

 

                                       --Ezra Pound

 

EXAMPLE 3

 

Protocols

 

(Birkenau, Odessa; the children speak alternately.)

 

We went there on the train. They had big barges that they towed.

We stood up, there were so many I was squashed.

There was a smoke-stack, then they made me wash.

It was a factory, I think. My mother held me up

And I could see the ship that made the smoke.

 

When I was tired my mother carried me.

She said, "Don't be afraid." But I was only tired.

Where we went there is no more .Odessa.

They had water in a pipe--like rain, but hot;

The water there is deeper than the world

 

And I was tired and fell in in my sleep

And the water drank me. That is what I think.

And I said to my mother, "Now I'm washed and dried.”

My mother hugged me and it smelled like hay

And that is how you die. And that is how you die.

 

                                                                  --Randall Jarrell.

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